Salah El-Din Citadel or Cairo Citadel is built by Salah El-Din Al-Ayoubi, the founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty in 1176 to be a fortress and seat of rule for nearly 700 years. It stopped being the seat of the rule when Khedive Ismail transferred it to Abdeen Palace in 1874.

Salah El-Din Al-Ayoubi decided to construct this citadel on Mokattam hills for use this strategic position allowing him to expose the whole city and made it difficult to attack. In 1976, UNESCO considered it one of the heritage sites in Islamic Cairo.

This citadel houses several museums as the National Military Museum and the Police Museum and mosques as Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque, Mosque of Suleiman Pasha El Khadim, and Muhammad Ali Mosque.

Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque It was built in the Mamluk period in 1318. It distinguishes with its green Dom.

Muhammad Ali Mosque Muhammad Ali Pasha began its construction in 1830, but it was completed in 1857 by Said Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali Pasha. Muhammad Ali Pasha willed to be buried in this mosque so you can see his cemetery inside the mosque.

Muhammad Ali Mosque is also known as the Alabaster Mosque due to its walls are coated with alabaster. It was established in Turkish, as the mosque is divided into two parts. The first part is the courtyard, while the second is the house of prayer. Also, it distinguishes with its domes and minarets taking the pencil shape. Some opinions believe that this mosque is similar to the blue mosque belonging to Sultan Ahmed in Turkey.

Baron Empain Palace is the most famous landmark of Heliopolis, the city of the sun. This palace suffered from neglect for many years until the Ministry of Antiquities bought, received it from its owners, and began to restore it in 2007. The restoration work finished, and the palace is opened on Jun 29, 2020.

But before talking about this great palace, we should first talk about the owner or the founder of it, Baron Edward Empain. 

Let me introduce Baron Edward Empain to you.  He was a Belgian engineer and businessman. Empain is not a part of his name. It is a title. Baron Edward was awarded this title by the king of France due to his efforts in the establishment of the Paris metro. 

He came to Egypt in 1894 and adored it, so he decided to stay in it and asked the Egyptian government to build a new city in the desert, It became Heliopolis city. He founded this whole city with the help of Ernst Jasper, the Belgian architect. Additionally, he built the first tram in Cairo to connect between Cairo city and Heliopolis.

Baron Empain died on July 22, 1929, in Belgium, though was buried in Egypt in Basilica Church as he willed. 

Now, let’s go to visit Baron Empain’s Palace

Baron Edward Empain got help from Alexandre Marcel, the French engineer, in the construction of this palace. 

The first thing you will see is its amazing garden. It fills with several statues taking the Indian and Cambodian style. This garden houses the building founded by the reinforced concrete structure that was a new thing in Egypt at that time. 

Let go inside the palace.

The palace consists of four floors: 

 – The basement

 – The first floor contains three rooms. The middle one is decorated in the Indian and Cambodian style, but the other two rooms are decorated in the European style. 

 – The second floor contains four bedrooms, including bathrooms. 

 – The roof was used for holding concerts and parties. 

Now is the time for legends

It is said that this palace has a legend in every corner of it

– One of the stories says that the palace tower rotates to offer a 360-degree view of the surrounding area to follow the sun.

– Baron Edward Empain used magical tricks during the construction of the palace. 

– Baron Edward Empain killed Alexandre Marcel and buried his corpse in the garden of the palace.

All of these stories and more link with this palace due to the neglect it suffered for many years.

Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue is one of the most important Jewish sightseeing in Alexandria and Egypt. Finally, after many years of restoration, it reopened its doors to the public on Jan 10th, 2020.

The history of Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue It was established in 1881 after the Patriarch of Alexandria gifted a plot of land that belonged to the Church for its construction. It is considered one of the largest Jewish Synagogue in the Middle East.

It was bombed by the French during their invasion of Egypt in 1798. But in 1850, the members of the Muhammad Ali family restored and reconstructed it.

In 2017, the Egyptian government announced a project to restore the synagogue in a growing movement to keep its Jewish heritage alive. Finally, after many years of restoration, it reopened its doors to the public on Jan 10th, 2020.

Let’s go on a tour inside Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue. The structure is built in the basilical style. It consists of two floors accommodating 700 worshipers, one of them is dedicated to women. This synagogue is distinguished by housing an ancient library containing 63 leather and paper scrolls, Torah (Old Testament) copies, and unique books from the 15th century.

There is a small platform used for sermons that lies in front of the sanctuary. The marble sanctuary is situated on the east side of the synagogue.

Alexandria is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean Sea. It is called with the Bride of the Mediterranean Sea.

The history of Alexandria This city was established by Alexander the Great in c. 331 BC. It was the center of Hellenistic civilization. He named this city Alexandria to bear his name throughout history. Unfortunately, the establishment of Alexandria city was completed after Alexander the Great’s death.

Ptolemaic rulers and Roman emperors took it as their main capital for almost 1,000 years.

After that, in the Christian period, it became the center of the Patriarchate of Alexandria.

Also, Alexandria had a great position in the Islamic period. In the Mamluk period, Sultan Qaitbay contracted The Citadel of Qaitbay, which is one of the most landmarks in Alexandria.

Let’s take a tour of Alexandria City to see its sights. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Egypt.  It includes attractions from several times and cultures.

1 – The Lighthouse of Alexandria: It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but it does not exist now.

2 – The ancient library of Alexandria: It was the largest library in the ancient world.

3 – The catacomb of Alexandria

4 – Pompey’s Pillar

5 – Roman Amphitheater

6 – The Citadel of Qaitbay

7 – Montazah Palace

8 – Bibliotheca Alexandrina

9 – Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue

10 – St. Mark Cathedral

11 – Abu Al-Abbas Al-Mursi Mosque

12 – Alexandria National Museum

13 – The Graeco-Roman Museum

14 – Royal Jewelry Museum

Finally, you can discover the step pyramid from inside. After 14 years of restoration, the step pyramid opens its doors to the public to explore it from the inside.

Firstly, we need to take about the King Djoser Complex This complex belongs to King Djoser from the third dynasty, the old kingdom. The vizier, Imhotep, designed this complex to be the first complete stone building complex in the ancient Egyptian civilization.

This complex contains the burial tomb of King Djoser, the step pyramid. The step pyramid is the most conspicuous sightseeing of Saqqara. It stands 60 meters high and was constructed with six mastabas, so the researchers believe that this pyramid refers to the architectural development of the royal mastabas in the first and second dynasties.

Let’s go on a tour inside the step pyramid We will enter the step pyramid from the southern entrance. This entrance is not the main entrance but was established in the 26th dynasty to discover what is inside this pyramid. The main entrance built during the King Djoser period is the northern one.

The southern entrance leads to tunnels taking approx. 28 meters, where you will be allowed to see the burial chamber of King Djoser from the top and his sarcophagus. Also, you will be able to go down to see the sarcophagus closely.

Dendera Temple Complex or Hathor Temple, the magnificent temple, is the best-preserved temple in Egypt. It lies on the west bank of the Nile River in Qena city, north of Luxor.

The history of Dendera Temple Dendera city houses a necropolis containing mastabas dating back to the Early Dynastic Period.

The remains of Dendera Temple dates back to the first dynasty, but the current one is back to the Greco-Roman period during the era of the Ptolemy Auletes.

This temple was dedicated to worshipping the goddess Hathour, the goddess of love, music, and maternity.

Let’s have a tour in Dendera Temple It was established on 40,000 square meters. You will enter from the gateway established during the Roman Emperor Domitian. Then you will move to the great hall decorated with columns holding the face of goddess Hathour. Finally, you will see the Holy of Holies, where the triad (the god Horus, the goddess Hathour, and their son Ihy), and astonished with its magnificent ceiling, decorated with stars.

Here, you will find stairs leading to the roof, where several festivals occurred as the celebration of the New Year.

In Hathor Temple, you will be fascinated with its well-preserved inscriptions.

Also, it is famous with the zodiac of Dendera. It includes the twelve figures as the ram, the bull, the heavenly twins, the crab, the lion, the virgin, the scales, the scorpion, the archer, the goat, the watering pots, and fishes with glittering tails. A sketch was made of it during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt. In 1820 it was removed from the temple ceiling by French colonizers and replaced with a fake. The real one is now in the Louvre.

Additionally, the relief of the light Dendera. It is one of the ancient Egyptian secrets. Do you believe that the ancient Egyptians knew the lightbulb?

Abydos Temple lies in Sohag Governorate, north of Luxor. It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt.

The history of Abydos City Abydos was one of the oldest cities of the ancient Egyptian civilization. It had a great position, as the ancient Egyptians thought that the god Osiris (the god of the dead and the underworld) was buried there. So it became a destination for pilgrims and kings of the 1st and 2nd dynasties who decided to found their tombs and temples in this holy city as king Narmer, the first king of a unified Egypt.

Let’s take a tour of Abydos Temple, or Temple of King Seti I. Firstly, you should know that this temple was constructed by King Seti I and completed by his son, the great King Ramesses II. You will note that the design of this temple takes the shape of an “L” letter.

The façade takes the shape of a square-columned façade with 12 massive pillars. This façade leads to 7 chambers dedicated to 7 ancient Egyptian gods, who are Ptah, Ra Hor Akhty, Amun-Re, Osiris, Isis, Horus, and king Seti I as a god.

This temple distinguishes with its inscriptions, which depicted king Seti I and king Ramesses II giving offerings to many gods.

But what distinguishes this temple is that it contains the Abydos King List, the complete list of ancient Egyptian kings. This list is from the 19th dynasty. It is a chronological list showing 76 cartouches of the most dynastic pharaohs of Egypt from Menes until Seti I.

Also, there is a mysterious relief showing a Helicopter. Do you think the ancient Egyptian knew Helicopters? Our experts will till you during your tour.